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Consolidating Democracy in Sierra Leone
A return to prosperity?
In September 2007, Sierra Leone had the opportunity to define their democracy for the first time after 41 years of numerous miscarriages in the democratic process. On September 8, 2007 Run-off elections were by all means a watershed in democratic development in Sierra Leone. But the election results, which confirmed the rider before APC, Ernest Bai Koroma as President, would be more meaningful when the political changes the country has experienced Koroma take if the administration could be able to consolidate the progress achieved democratic elections in 2007. The 2007 parliamentary and presidential elections for the first both Sierra Leone truly democratic national contest in 4 decades and the victory of Ernest Bai Koroma, an assurance framework which has led the former on the platform of zero tolerance on corruption ", is expected to end 41 years of wrong address.
Unlike the dubious nature of the electoral process last four decades, and many credit the strong leadership of Dr. Christiana Thorpe (National Electoral Commission (NEC), chairman), the second round of elections were conducted in a transparent manner and the result is indisputable. Koroma's victory in 2007 has raised hopes for fundamental change, and the size of the population of President Koroma has chosen for his cabinet, is a testimony of where he wants to make the country progressive and sustainable development.
But it was the first time that Sierra Leone has been so optimistic. In 1996, former head of state Ahmad Tejan Kabbah was found at similar crossroads. He became president after being helped by a NEC led by Dr. James Jonah, who claimed have manipulated election of Tejan Kabbah against the veteran politician Dr. Karefa Smart after two rounds. Dr. James Jonah Kabbah was rewarded accordingly, Naming The Minister of Finance. President Kabbah was immediately consumed by a number of problems: a deeply alienated, press hostile and aggressive, U.S. shocked by his friendship with Iran and Libya, and resentment at a military outraged by the fact that the militia Kamajors were more reliable and supported by a Department of Defense whose daily activities were administered by a boss Kamajor "(Hinga Norman), as Deputy Minister of Defense. Despite being worthy in many ways, President Kabbah is also incredibly careless irresponsible and negligent. And so, rather than the emergence of a stable democracy in Sierra Leone, ten years Tejan Kabbah's government completed nothing to be proud. Again, it is noted that in April 1997, President Kabbah was overthrown in a coup by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnny Paul Koroma – emerged from a period of interregnum of ten months, plunging the country into chaos sadistic. The vacuum created by the government of the AFRC junta Government did not end until February 1998 when President Kabbah ordered a bloody military intervention using ECOMOG forces led by General Maxwell Kobe in Nigeria to force the junta to power. President Kabbah was reinstated as head of state. It was still expected to guide restoration of peace in the country and guide the prosperity of Sierra Leone to lay the foundations for a stable and progressive nation. But again, President Kabbah was unable to secure peace in the country. Manipulated democracy instead of Sierra Leone, the risks they face, which finally led to the evening of the negligence of President Tejan Kabbah. May 2007 is now marking the return of prosperity in Sierra Leone?
Only the basic consensus The major objective of the State can provide a company with a solid foundation for democracy and the new Sierra Leone seems to be agreement between main political actors. The election results August 11 presidential and legislative elections held on the support, in particular the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) with Ernest Koroma's party won 59 seats, the ruling party Solomon Berewa winning 43 seats and the new party of Charles Margai PMDC won 10 seats represents a convergence of will between Koroma's APC and PMDC Margai a common desire to end mismanagement SLPP in Sierra Leone in the wake of the second round of presidential elections held on September 8, 2007. Therefore, the winning parties in the 2007 elections are the APC PMDC and parties. Both parties are abundantly endowed with resources, authority and persuasiveness, and, possibly, we can establish a basic consensus them to guide the country through prosperity. The unity between the two parties and the understanding of the support unit which has remained Contemporary Sierra Leone in a state of optimism of the government.
The government's optimism was shown after selection Ministers which included some resources with the PMDC (part of the RD Soccoh Kabbia as Minister of Health, and Mr. Benjamin Davies Minister of Lands, Planning Planning and the Environment, and Mr. John Saab, as Minister of Housing and Infrastructural Development) to ensure that the PMDC is involved in building the nation and make Sierra Leone governable a broad platform of political ideologies. Another demonstration of the government's optimism: the appointment of the activist human rights and civil affairs chief at the United Nations Mission in Liberia, Ms. Zainab Bangura, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Lango Deen, a contributor of insightful Forum Leonenet managed by the University of Maryland, the United States summed up the appointment Zainab Bangura in this assessment brilliant, saying: "When President Bush nominated Condoleezza Rice as secretary of state, said:" In Dr. Rice the world will see strength, grace and decency of our country. "I am not President Koroma, but I would say the same of Zainab Bangura. She is at ease with him and is no stranger to the world stage. For appointment to this work of high profile, President Koroma has included all of Sierra Leone women as equal partners in the national effort. It is clear that the president is the goal of full participation of women in Sierra Leone. "
In a country where conditions are so bad and a country that has experienced all sorts of chaos, any combination of party ideologies to inspire social change Real is a giant step in the right direction. This cooperation is a basic consensus on how to establish a strict rule of law. Organized crime corruption which have claimed many innocent victims of Sierra Leoneans deprived of what your country has to offer (including all members of the former SLPP government of does not even recognize, for selfish reasons of their own). Cooperation of this nature, it is easier for other aspects of the national to be driven by a general consensus to determine, for example, the correct way to create wealth, economic growth or employment How to modernize the energy sector on how to fight against poverty and inequality. Over the last decade, political leaders of Sierra Leone have not arrived even consider the value or viability of public institutions and huge financial liabilities (created by ministers tirelessly against corruption without scruples, and senior officials and privileges of a particular party) that maintaining former.
Everything is clear and cooperation underlying inspire the promotion of democracy in Sierra Leone. The 2007 elections showed that the people of Sierra Leone who were beaten too long by successive regimes have learned to appreciate the essence of democracy. Vote as President Koroma is a guarantee of the democratic process with the vow of Sierra Leone in a way that transcends their immediate tribal interests. President Koroma is now behaving like a head of state for all Sierra Leoneans, not just a representative of his party or ethnic group. Then, of course, civil society can contribute in many ways to help promote stability in the country. The media (local and international) must be objective and impartial in its presentation and analysis of issues. However, the law will address the chance to become the number one man in Sierra Leone is the greatest responsibility President Koroma APC. He and his party if Sierra Leone, the progress of democracy or is muzzled again if corruption is treated or not treated at all. The humble but firm of Ernest Koroma gives an indication of what will rise above its short-term interest to build on progress Democratic stability in Sierra Leone.
The promise of a successful presidency
The All People's Congress (PCA) has been for 40 years. Since its beginnings as an opposition party in a new country independent minor has defended the rights of workers. The PCA Siaka Stevens showed an impressive tenacity to resist and survive attacks by the SLPP machine. But it also means that Siaka Stevens party, the APC more focused on limiting the power in his performance – a quality that hurts the party when he became President Joseph Momoh.
As in 1967, APC was another historic moment in 2007, and was Ernest Koroma, the leader who, as head of a veteran pro-democracy movement, " hypnotized by Sierra Leone – as Siaka Stevens did in his initial presidential campaign against Albert Margai in 1967. (This campaign was interrupted by exile, Siaka Stevens to Guinea after the coup Brigadier Lansana, but the riots that followed aa catapulted to the presidency, however.) To prove it, Koroma deserves much credit. But without Koroma's APC party bears some blame for hard times, and the degeneration of life policy in the country. The performance of the CPA during its 24 years of bad government (1968 to 1992) planted the seeds of chronic stagnation of Sierra Leone and marked deterioration of political life. And this could be a possibility for the sins of the APC Siaka Stevens and Joseph Momoh leaders come to undermine the state Koroma as "the champion of democracy" if you stop using your initiative and be the man to lend little because the Government of Sierra Leone by all means necessary.
As president, Koroma has the opportunity to fairly good. He has the right become a member of Parliament, most of the APC and PMDC Party 10 seats to their credit. With proper use of government influence to obtain emergency Parliament to act quickly on several key projects, members of the SLPP in parliament has the numbers to block projects Koroma. Koroma, simply to avoid any internal rivalries within his party to avoid any stagnation of his own party that would run counter to their catalog coherent and logical required reforms. Koroma himself can not do that his party sees no significant limitations on their person. His personality can be unpredictable and willing to make impulsive decisions, bizarre statements, and lack of leadership and guidance at critical moments.
Koroma can also learn keep your wife from interfering in the process of government and does not make public statements that harm his presidency in May. It is clear that his choice of cabinet to date will help. In selecting the best people as possible to his office and took the initiative to go beyond some of the best ways help his presidency to succeed. Koroma, you can keep the long-term affection of the public through its continuing popularity is due mainly the fact that it is a new kid in public life without luggage. Many Sierra Leoneans see him as "good". Deserves more credit for some of achievements of his own head an insurance company has been achieved in that jurisdiction CEO for over a decade. With its insurance fund, Koroma, therefore, can use this experience to successfully maintain macroeconomic stability and work to reduce unemployment or significantly improve growth. It must respect the separation of powers, independence of the judiciary, and principles of good governance.
With the introduction and application of a law requiring open financial accounting in the government, which still once undoubtedly reduce corruption. Also by introducing various democratic reforms in labor and management issues continue to expand democracy in the country. With the media guru and former president of the Journalists Association of Sierra Leone (Ibrahim Ben Kargbo), currently directed the Ministry of Information, Sierra Leone will now enjoy real freedom of expression, and will be a major success for the government by Koroma.
The people of Sierra Leone can not afford afford to be disappointed yet. Koroma himself as a great leader and clear during his campaign in 2002 when he lost to former President Tejan Kabbah, and 2007. This has to fulfill its promises to fight against crime and insecurity and generate change and social progress of its apparent commitment has earned him much support among the poor citizens of Sierra Leone in 2007. Koroma likely to occupy a place in history much like that of Sir Milton Margai: immortalized regarded as a respected figure and that progress Social achieved during the time he was Prime Minister of Sierra Leone.
The ousted SLPP thought people of Sierra Leone placed a decision final CPA for its dismal record of 24 years of brutality and gross mismanagement (from 1968 to 1992) which could influence the fate of the candidate of the APC 2007. Clearly, the CPA had a second chance, because of its contribution to democracy in Sierra Leone over the past decade as the main opposition party in Parliament. The party is an excellent candidate Ernest Bai Koroma. The son of a former election commissioner (Sylvanus Koroma), who is honest, intelligent, hardworking, and 55, relatively mature for the job. Ernest Koroma and the APC won the presidency, and the prognosis for Creative Government now depend in part on their competence and political strength as a leader, but most of its ability to establish alliances with disaffected members defeated party – something easier said than done. The good news is that "positive change PMDC" ideologues allied themselves with CPA in parliament, giving the APC by an overwhelming majority. Koroma's victory is, therefore, a sweet, because I can not find any resistance Parliament to do their work. Consequently, Sierra Leone, has now clearly the opportunity to begin to deliberate and actually carrying necessary reforms.
With the elections of 2007 in favor of Ernest Koroma and his party, it is clear that the SLPP was punished because instead of the widespread perception that Kabbah and Berewa had failed to govern effectively. And this case, the SLPP has the opportunity to learn Your experience ten years in power, promote the emergence of new leaders and charismatic, to revive its image and platform obsolete demonization of the PCA, the distance between their tribal traditions (still strong within the party), and prepare the 2012 elections. As an opposition party strong, the SLPP could perform responsibly in parliament, will simplify the issues for the public, and continue to toil in general, democracy and political harmony. And be persuasive press for improved economic programs that support the legal creation of wealth, investment abroad and the level of fiscal and monetary policies.
Theft occasion, five years after "political purgatory"
After losing the presidency in 2007, the SLPP can now start thinking of the group's most successful. In fact, the defeat can be benefit in the long term SLPP long as it gives the party an opportunity to clean up its image.
The SLPP can better position itself as a power ideological party could lead to more refined measures of economic development or the press opening and a message of a nation a people – what works yet. But the party must work very hard to make well refined ideas on economic development and this time, because the burden morale of its past is important. Under Article SLPP, Sierra Leone has been plagued by violent clashes due to the mismanagement of opportunities by a power which had democratic legitimacy, but it became a corrupt oligarchy.
When Tejan Kabbah became president in 1996 – after of "self-made brigadier" Maada Bio was forced to end his reign of the Committee of the year, opens the door to electoral democracy – which had the full support of the international community to community. His government has received millions of dollars in aid money. Many Sierra Leoneans are not happy that the Kabbah government mismanagement of funds donated by the international community to help reconstruction after the war. The defeat of the party in 2007 elections was partly due to the aid money and in kind donations (donated rice Gaddafi) who do not the people. The leadership of SLPP had filed an injunction against the credibility of the results of runoff elections, but party leaders finally recognized defeat – in part because it is understood that by accepting the quiet decline of power, which could begin to refine its long history of tyranny and corruption. Typically, the PCA has been realigned and walking very carefully, was dedicated to reviving his political fortunes.
A presidential victory for the APC is within the bounds of the possible. Voters came to fear that SLPP government continue looting of the country and the country divided by tribalism and nepotism obvious, and a PMDC government too inexperienced, as this is a new party, as such, the APC weight became a lesser evil. With the victory of the APC, in addition to the presidency, enough seats in Parliament, is thanked to provide some government posts to the PMDC Together APC and PMDC could now obtain a viable parliamentary majority, which would be able to adopt structural reforms. Some analysts suggest that to avoid dangerous distraction dissension and even violence, the PCA may extend the same supply of "cohabitation" of the SLPP, although it does not look like a good idea because SLPP had abused the opportunity, during his decade in power, therefore, over the next five years is reasonable for it to be in "political purgatory" to reflect and repent of their gross miscalculations.
The CPA has proven to be a synonym for "political system in Sierra Leone" even if its 24 years of bad governance continue to weigh on its reputation and its possible future. Today, however, their ranks experienced staff and many policies and technocrats, some of them men and honest women, and the party seems to have great prestige and credibility with young people in Sierra Leone. She presented some strong, qualified candidates for ministerial posts.
The APC was wise to choose a presidential candidate with a new face and a reputation for honesty – someone like Koroma, who is a moderate, pragmatic ideology straight left that was very attractive to voters in Sierra Leone. Koroma is not linked to the APC dark past manipulation, corruption and misinformation. His election as the main candidate of the party served to end the years, APC has been in "political purgatory.
Consolidating Democracy Now or Die Trying
In many ways, the victory of a modern leftist Popular Front right – very similar to those governing Botswana in the south-central Africa with a "relatively incorruptible bureaucracy and a responsible government that supports economic growth resources distributed by the government "(Neil Parsons) – is the best possible result for Sierra Leone in 2007. Fortunately, the reform of the CPA has attributes of that party. The APC seems to favor the maintenance of complete state control of mineral resources and agricultural industries and is far from skeptical of markets and foreign investment, labor reform and global integration of humanity (globalization) – a set trend in the direction of APC has shown a constant tendency to adhere to the rebirth as a modern party and the Left who has long put its ideological schema reality.
Meanwhile, President Koroma must prove he is a strong president and strong. But he must also prove that it will not be able to handle the messianic demagoguery. Preferably, you must be totally committed to independence of the judiciary and the demarcation powers, a free press, and to complete fiscal transparency and accountability in government, respect for autonomous institutions such as the Central Bank, and coordinate a strategy of self-government violence, especially where the reforms can be carried out peacefully, quietly. They are all the principles necessary in a democratic and open society, and some past conduct Koroma (indicating a tendency toward humility to accept defeat in 2002 and a spirit to achieve his opponents within his party who have repeatedly questioned his leadership) suggests they may respect. An option not to respect these principles at national level could make the consolidation of democracy in peril.
With the victory of the APC by a big margin, Koroma must renounce any attempt to revive the party in Sierra Leone as its predecessor (Siaka Stevens) did. As President Koroma has faced many challenges. If she pays tribute to the foundations of a democratic and open society, rule of law and inalienable rights of individuals will be able to implement its social and economic projects, provided they are conducted in the realm of reality rather than ideology concept. But if you reject these fundamentals Koroma, Sierra Leone and will lose another opportunity to consolidate its democracy and its government as the government of Tejan Kabbah and the SLPP in Solomon Berewa will (2012) die in the attempt.
About the Author
Kenday S. Kamara is a native of Sierra Leone, where he attended Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1982-1986. Kenday is an international development consultant in administration, policy development and capacity building. Kenday has consulted for VVMZ (a consulting firm based in Slovakia) as Administrator Expert for the 2007/2008 ACP-EU BizClim Microfinance Demand Survey (a project implemented for the National Commission for Social Action (NaCSA). Kenday is also consultant for Global Integrity – www.globalintegrity.org (an independent, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., tracking governance and corruption trends around the world) and Konesens Research, Inc. – www.konesens.com (a US-based global research and development consulting firm). Kenday is a Ph.D. scholar-practitioner in applied management and decision sciences at WaldenUniversity, specializing in leadership and organizational change. Kenday can be reached at kenday.kamara@waldenu.edu or via Skype at: medcallconsultants
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